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 Illumination:
 Marginal drawing of a scribe, in Gerald of Wales's 'History And Topography Of Ireland', c.1220. The British Library.
 
 
 
 
 
 
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 Site copyright ©1996-2023 Anniina Jokinen. All Rights Reserved.
 Created by Anniina Jokinen on October 16, 1996. Last updated on February 3, 2023.
 
 
 
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 Middle English Literature
 Geoffrey Chaucer
 John Gower
 Sir Gawain and the Green Knight
 William Langland / Piers Plowman
 Julian of Norwich
 Margery Kempe
 Thomas Malory / Morte D'Arthur
 John Lydgate
 Thomas Hoccleve
 Paston Letters
 Everyman
 Medieval Plays
 Middle English Lyrics
 Essays and Articles
 
 
 Sciences
 Medieval Cosmology
 
 
 Historical Events and Persons
 
 Hundred Years' War (1337-1453)
 Edward III
 Edward, Black Prince of Wales
 Lionel of Antwerp, Duke of Clarence
 John of Gaunt, Duke of Lancaster
 Edmund of Langley, Duke of York
 Thomas of Woodstock, Gloucester
 Richard of York, E. of Cambridge
 Richard II
 Henry IV
 Edward, Duke of York
 Henry V
 Thomas, Duke of Clarence
 John, Duke of Bedford
 Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester
 Catherine of Valois
 Charles VII, King of France
 Joan of Arc
 Louis XI, King of France
 Charles the Bold, Duke of Burgundy
 
 
 The Wars of the Roses (1455-1485)
 Causes of the Wars of the Roses
 The House of Lancaster
 The House of York
 The House of Beaufort
 The House of Neville
 
 Henry VI
 Margaret of Anjou
 
 Richard Plantagenet, Duke of York
 Edward IV
 Elizabeth Woodville
 Edward V
 Richard III
 George, Duke of Clarence
 
 
 
 More at Encyclopedia and at
 Additional Medieval Sources
 
 
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